Vertical integration
Berlin,

Germany: Council of Economic Experts Calls for Unbundling of Rail Infrastructure Manager and Operator

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Brussels,

Evidence Shows Vertical Integration In Switzerland Does Not Work

Backers of the current Swiss rail system claim that the vertical integration of infrastructure manager and operator is highly efficient, with a large amount of taxpayer money spent on infrastructure.
In reality, vertical integration only funds a large lobby that indulges in self-PR. Indeed, the evidence shows a different story.

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